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Emergency Relief – Sept 2017

December 30, 2017May 8, 2019 adminm

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Aid Distribution – June 2017

Aid Distribution – Oct 2017

Talks by Dr Maulana Haroon

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1. Transcendent God, Rational World - A Maturidi Theology

https://euppublishingblog.com/2021/07/15/transcendent-god-rational-world-a-maturidi-theology/
2. A Maturidi Theology: Tradition and Reason in Maturidi Epistemology
3. A Maturidi Theology: Genealogy of Maturidi's Theology
4. A Maturidi Theology: The Maturidi Tradition after al-Maturidi

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1. How Divine Revelation Began
2. Divinely sent Prophets
3. Types of Revelation
4. The Modality of Revelation
5.1 The First Revelation
5.2. The First Revelation
5.4. Khadijah and the five qualities of the Prophet

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Moments of Sorrow in the Life of the Prophet ﷺ

Moments of Sorrow in the Life of the Prophet ﷺ
The Prophet Wept for Us!

'Abdullah b. Amr b. al-'As reported:

Verily the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) recited the words of Allah, the Great and Glorious, that Ibrahim uttered. My Lord! lo! they have led many of mankind astray:" But whoso followeth me, he verily is of me" (al-Qur'an, xiv. 35) and Jesus (peace be upon him) said:" If thou punisheth them, lo! they are Thy slaves, and if Thou forgiveth them-verily Thou art the Mighty, the Wise" (al-Qur'an, v 117). Then he raised his hands and said: O Lord, my Ummah, my Ummah, and wept; so Allah the High and the Exalted said: O Gabriel, go to Muhammad (though your Lord knows it fully well) and ask him: What makes thee weep? So Gabriel (peace be upon him) came to him and asked him, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) informed him what he had said (though Allah knew it fully well). Upon this Allah said: O Gabriel, go to Muhammad and say: Verily We will please thee with regard to your Ummah and would not displease thee.
Hadith on Mercy: Angel offers to destroy a town; the Prophet displays mercy

Aisha reported: She asked the Prophet, “Have you encountered a day harder than the battle of Uhud?” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Your tribes have troubled very much, and the worst was the day of Aqaba when I presented myself to Ibn Abd Yalail ibn Abd Kulal and he did not respond to what I intended. I departed, overwhelmed with excessive sorrow, and I could not relax until I found myself at a tree where I lifted my head towards the sky to see a cloud shading me. I looked up and saw Gabriel in it. He called me saying: Allah has heard your people’s saying to you and how they have replied, and Allah has sent the Angel of the Mountains to you that you may order him to do whatever you wish to these people. The Angel of the Mountains greeted me and he said: O Muhammad, order what you wish, and if you like, I will let the mountains fall on them.” The Prophet said, “No, rather I hope that Allah will bring from their descendants people who will worship Allah alone without associating partners with him.”
The Prophet's ﷺ grief after the miraculous night journey
Massacre of Bir Ma'una

This short video looks at the innocent massacre of around 70 companions of the Prophet who had simply gone out to another community to invite and teach them Islam.

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1. The Virtues of Sha'baan: The Door to Ramadhan

Jumuah Khutbah - Virtues of Shaban

• The month in which deeds are raised to Allah.
• Increasing in good deeds, in particular fasting.
• Month of the Prophet - send Salawat upon the Prophet (saw).
• However, the beauty of Islam lies in moderation.
• Splitting of the moon.
• Change of Qiblah
• Commandment of fasting in Ramadhan revealed in this month.

• Tips for preparing for Ramadhan:

1. Quran timetable
2. Spending time and keeping in touch with family.
3. Give up at least one sin.
4. Pray one Tahajjud per week.
2. 15th of Shabaan

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Fasting the Six Days of Shawwal

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1. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Book of Purification
2. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Sunnah and Mustahab of Wudhu
3. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Nullifiers of Wudhu
4. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Obligatory acts of Ghusl

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1. Introduction: Ramadhan with the Quran

Welcome to the Journey!
2. Ramadhan with the Quran: The First Section or Juz including the Chapter on Fatihah and Baqarah

In this video we cover the first Juz of the Quran

This includes Surah al-Fatihah (The Opener) and Baqarah (The Cow).

Key points:

Surah al-Fatihah (The Opener) is the foundation of the Quran and focuses on three things:

1. Tawhid (Divine unity)
2. Risalah (Prophethood)
3. and Qiyamah (the Day of Resurrection)

Baqarah (The Cow):

• People are of three types:
o Mu’min (believer)
o Kafir (disbeliever)
o Munafiq (hypocrite).

• Adam and Hawwa (Eve), AS.
• Focuses on the Story of Bani Israeel and their ingratitude.
• Example of Ebrahim (Abraham), AS.
• Passing faith on to our children (example of Yakub, or Jacob, AS).
3. Ramadhan with the Quran: Second Section or Juz: Surah Baqarah - Chapter of the Cow

In this video we look at the second juz of the Quran.

Key themes discussed:

• Change of Qibla.
• Remaining patient.
• Islam cannot be secularised – it pervades every part of our life.
• Allah’s way.
4. Ramadhan with the Quran: Third Section or Juz: Chapter of the Cow and the Family of Imran.

In this video we continue with the third section of the Quran:

• Virtues of various Prophets
• Throne Verses
• The debate of Abraham AS
• Story of Uzair and bringing back to life
• The religion of Islam is a religion of humanity
• Spending in the path of Allah
• Prohibition of Interest
• Charity and interest – giving and being oppressive
• Transactions
• Justice is central in all affairs
• The Surah ends with a comprehensive supplication

Surah Ali Imran (The Family of Imran)

• Addressing the people of the book
• Three significant events and lessons
• Mubahalah
• All Prophets came with the message of Tawhid (Divine Unity)
5. Ramadhan with the Quran: Fourth Section or Juz: The Family of Imran and the Chapter on The Women

Key Themes:

• Selflessness and sacrifice
• Significance of the Ka’bah
• Hold on to the Rope of Allah (not to be divided)
• Characteristics of Muslims: To believe and to enjoy good and forbid evil
• Forging the right friendships
• Lessons from the Battle of Badr: faith and pursuit of truth and justice
• Battle of Uhud
• Believers are reflective and observe the cosmos
• Four principles of success

Surah al-Nisa

• Orphans
• Marriage
• Inheritance for women
• Prohibition of marriage to certain people
7. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Sixth Section or Juz

Key themes:

• Salvation depends on Islam
• Intention to kill Jesus
• Refutation of the doctrine of Trinity
• Meaning of “word” of Allah
• Meaning of “spirit from Him”
• Excess in Faith

Surah Ma’idah (the Table Spread)

• The Qur'anic Principle of Mutual Cooperation and Assistance
• Fulfilling obligations
• Prohibition of certain foods
• Completion of Islam
• Purification and Islam being easy
• Moses and his people
• Two sons of Adam: Habil and Qabil
• Laws of highway robbery, theft and corruption
• Quran goes into detail unlike other scriptures
• Allah does not need us
• Enjoining good and forbidding evil
8. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Seventh Section or Juz

Seventh Section or Juz of the Quran:

Key points:

• Christians of Habsha (Ethiopia)
• Balance in all matters
• Prohibition of alcohol, gambling, idol worship and divination arrows
• Sanctity of the sacred city of Mecca
• As death draws near, bequest should be made
• Day of judgement

Surah An’aam (Chapter of The Cattle)

• Two methods of refutation of false beliefs
• Divine Unity
• Day of Judgement is inevitable
• Faith of Abraham
• The Existence of a Creator
9. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Eighth Section or Juz

Key themes:

• Do not be disheartened by mockery
• Right and wrong is not dictated by what most people follow
• Believer is a like a person given light
• Allah guides whom He wishes
• Foolishness of the polytheists
• Daughters were seen as a cause of poverty and shame
• Ten items for success
• Muslims follow the way of Abraham

Chapter of al-A’raf (The Heights)

• Mankind is created from one father
• Significance of human beings
• Address of “O children of Âdam”
• Focus on clothing and covering
• Tawaf of the Kabah naked
• Extreme monasticism is not part of Islam
• Conversation between believers and disbelievers in the afterlife
• Those whose judgement will be delayed
• The power of Allah
• Wisdoms and stories of six Prophets
10. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Ninth Section or Juz

Key Themes

• Prophet Shuayb (identified with the Biblical Jethro)
• Allah’s way of making people understand
• Story of Musa (Moses)
• Musa and Pharoah
• Moses speaks with Allah
• The deceit of his people
• Our covenant with Allah in another world before we came to this world
• Selling knowledge for worldly gain
• Using your intellect
• Those who disobey have only been granted a short respite
• Knowledge of the Day of Judgement is with Allah
• Adorn oneself with beautiful character
• Etiquette with the Quran

Chapter/Surah Anfaal (The Spoils of War)

• Five Qualities of True Believers
• Allah addresses believers with love.
• How to become and remain powerful
11. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Tenth Section or Juz

*Did you know that Islam saved Judaism?*

“Had Islam not come along, Jewry in the west would have declined to disappearance and Jewry in the east would have become just another oriental cult”

https://www.thejc.com/comment/opinion/so-what-did-the-muslims-do-for-the-jews-1.33597

Key themes:

• Spoils of war
• Battle of Badr
• Four basic things for help of Allah
• Angels assisted the Muslims
• Muslims always come prepared
• Never forget spiritual strength
• If peace is achievable, pursue it.

Chapter/Surah Tawbah (The Repentance)
• Basic aim of this chapter
• Laws of Jihaad
• Breaking of treaties, hypocrisy and lies against Muslims
• However, what is normative is to do good with everyone
• Islam saved Judaism:

https://www.thejc.com/comment/opinion/so-what-did-the-muslims-do-for-the-jews-1.33597

• Distinction between believer and hypocrites during the event of Tabuk
• Making excuses is a sign of hypocrisy
• People of other Prophets
• Discussion of hypocrites continues
• Sincere Muslims who could not participate
12. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Eleventh Section or Juz

Key Themes:

• Two Masjids; two types of people
• Nine qualities of a believer
• Three sincere Muslims
• Four points of emphasis
• Importance of scholarship
• Praise for the Prophet (PBUH)

Chapter of Yunus (Jonah)

• Prophets are sent to every nation
• Being focused on Allah, your Creator
• Humans are divided into two groups
• Mocking is their nature
• Prophetic nature is to speak the Truth
• To see how true people are, look at their behaviour
• In difficulties, even disbelievers turn to some form of belief
• Challenge: bring something like the Quran
• The highest station of a slave is to be a friend of Allah
• People deny things they are ignorant of
• Three incidents
• Nuh (Noah)
• Musa and Haroon (Moses and Aaron)
• Yunus (Jonah)
13. Ramadhan with the Quran:Twelfth Section/Juz: Part of Yusuf’s beauty is to benefit society

Surah Hud and Surah Yusuf

Key Themes:

• Perfection of the Quran
• Divine Unity (Tawhid)
• Two groups of people: those who want this world and those who strive for afterlife
• Humans prefer diversity
• Style of the Quran
• To remain firm and be steadfast
• Calamity comes for two reasons

Surah Yusuf (Joseph)
• Surah Yusuf as a map
• No idea of collective responsibility
14. Ramadhan with the Quran:Thirteenth Section/Juz:

Lessons from the story of Yusuf:

• With difficulty comes ease
• Jealousy is deadly
• Good character, beautiful qualities and good upbringing shows its colours.
• Chastity, trustworthiness, and steadfastness
• Gender interaction
• Belief makes hardship easy
• When in difficulty turn to Allah
• Always call people to Allah wherever you are
• Clearing your name and defamation
• Beautiful patience
• Muslims are exemplary leaders in all fields

Surah Ra’d (the Thunder)

• Allâh’s existence and oneness
• We have to bring about change in ourselves first
• Falsehood never remains while what benefits does
• Eight qualities of God-conscious people

Surah Ibrahim
• Consoling the Prophet
• Three doubts
• The more grateful, the more one is provided
• Supplication of Abraham
• Good word and truth are like a pure tree that produces benefit
15. Ramadhan with the Quran:Fourteenth Section/Juz

15. Ramadhan with the Quran:Fourteenth Section/Juz
17. Ramadhan with the Quran: Sixteenth/Juz

Key themes:

• Zhul-Qarnayn.
• Material power as well as spiritual strength.
• Gog Magog (Yajuj Majuj).

Chapter of Mary (Maryam)

• Zakariyya (AS)
• Focus on serving and pleasing your Creator
• Prophet Jesus, or Isa (AS)
• Miraculous birth
• Jesus is a Prophet of Allah
• Abraham, or Ibrahim (AS)
• His forbearance, wisdom, and compassion
• Staying steadfast upon the Truth brings many benefits
• Other prophets: Musa, Haroon, Ismail, and Idris (AS)
• Cultivating love for Allah

Chapter of Taha
• Consolation to the Prophet (PBUH)
• Musa (AS)
• Every era has their fair share of tyrants
• Quran focused on guidance, not details
• Favours upon Musa (AS)
• Forgetfulness of Adam
19. Ramadhan with the Quran: Eighteenth Section/Juz

Key themes:

Surah/Chapter Muminoon:

• Seven qualities of believers:
1. Faith that is free from of hypocrisy and ostentation.
2. Devotion in prayer in that they stand in front of Allah with humility and fear.
3. Refrain from laghw. Laghw refers to every such statement and action in which there is no benefit.
4. They discharge their zakaat in a perfect manner. Thus, they fulfill the rights of people as well as the rights of Allâh.
5. They protect themselves from adultery and immoral acts.
6. They fulfil their promises and protect those things which have been entrusted to them.
7. They guard their salah. They bear in mind its times as well as its etiquettes and fundamentals.
• Various proof of creation
• Various Prophets
• To love one another for the sake of Allah
• Mockery and disobedience of disbelievers
• Book of deeds will be weighed.

Surah/Chapter Nur (Light):

• In this sûrah, mostly those laws are mentioned which are related to chastity and modesty.
• Surah Nūr, the chapter of the Light talks extensively about modesty and chastity. There is a relationship between chastity and being blessed with penetrating light and insight.
• Various laws and punishments
o See this article: https://yaqeeninstitute.org/jonathan-brown/stoning-and-hand-cutting-understanding-the-hudud-and-the-shariah-in-islam
• Maintaining societal order
• Slander against Aisha (RA)
• Slavery in Islam:
o See this book: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Slavery-Islam-Oneworld-Academic-Jonathan/dp/1786076357
• Marriage is meant to be easy
18. Ramadhan with the Quran: Seventeenth/Juz

Ramadhan with the Quran: Seventeenth Section/Juz
20. Ramadhan with the Quran: Nineteenth Section/Juz

Key features:

Chapter/Surah Furqan

• Not to forsake the Quran by:
1- To listen to the Quran, and not to believe in it.
2- To read and believe in it but not to practice on it.
3- Not to make it a judge in one’s dealings and disputes in life.
4- Not to ponder over its meaning.
5- Not to attain cure from spiritual maladies.

• Quran as a gradual revelation in this world.
• Thirteen distinct qualities of special servants of God:

o humility, turning away from ignorant people, salah and ibadah at night, fear of punishment of the fire, being moderate in spending - neither extravagant nor stingy, complete abstinence from shirk (polytheism), staying away from unlawful killing, protecting oneself from fornication and immorality, abstaining from false oaths, turning away from gatherings of immoral music and evil, listening to the book of Allâh and being affected by it and taking benefit from it, making supplication to Allah for a pious wife and children, and that He should make them a means of guidance as well as rightly-guided themselves. (63-74)

• وَٱلَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا هَبْ لَنَا مِنْ أَزْوَٰجِنَا وَذُرِّيَّـٰتِنَا قُرَّةَ أَعْيُنٍ وَٱجْعَلْنَا لِلْمُتَّقِينَ إِمَامًا

˹They are˺ those who pray, “Our Lord! Bless us with ˹pious˺ spouses and offspring who will be the joy of our hearts and make us models for the righteous.”

Chapter/Surah Shu’ara:

• Conservation between Pharoah and Musa (AS)
• Miracle of Musa (AS)
• Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and his supplication
• The call of Nuh (AS) FOR 950 years
• Prophet Saalih (AS)
• Prophet Lut (AS)
• Prophet Shuayb (AS)

Chapter/Surah Naml
• Ants
• Prophet Sulaiman (AS) and his dominion
• Queen of Sheba
21. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twentieth Section/Juz

Ramadhan with the Quran: Twentieth Section/Juz
22. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-First Section/Juz

Key Themes:

• Prayer prevents one from immorality and evil.
• But praying should change our lives and affect every aspect of it.
• The Prophet PBUH was unlettered yet he was granted knowledge.
• Be patient and trust in Allah.
• Those how strive against their lower self will be reach the hereafter with success.

Surah Rum – Chapter of the Romans

• The Quran predicted the victory of the Romans, and so it happened. This is a miracle.
• The battle between good and evil, right and wrong will remain until the day of judgement.
• Seven proofs for the existence of Allah
• Truth will always prevail over falsehood.

Surah Luqman – Chapter of Luqman

• Proof of the power of Allah
o The sky
o Mountains
o Variety of creatures
o Rain from the skies
• Prophet Luqman and his wisdom
• He gave five pieces advice to his son:
o Do not ascribe partners to Allah
o Remember the hereafter and accountability therein
o Turn to Allah
o Stay away from pride
o Good character and humility
• Allah has knowledge of five things:
1. When will Judgement day occur?
2. Where and how much rain will fall?
3. What qualities does the baby in the womb of the mother possess?
4. What will man do tomorrow?
5. Where and when will death come?

Surah Sajdah – Chapter: The Prostration

• Proof of Divine unity
• How Allah created the human from one drop of water
• The condition of the believer and disbelievers on the day of judgement
• Similarity between Musa (AS) and Muhammad (PBUH)
24. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Third Section/Juz

Key Themes:

Surah/Chapter Yasin

Section/Juz 23 of the Quran

• Three Prophets that were martyred.
• Proof of Allah’s existence:
o The dead land which is given life by rain.
o The day and night, sun and moon.
o The boats and ships which move in the oceans.
• The creation of “pairs”
• The day of Judgement and the blowing of the trumpet.
• Life after death

Surah/Chapter Saffat (those who set the ranks)

• Angels and Jinn.
• Resurrection.
• Blaming each other Jahannam.
• Prophet Nuh (AS) and his people.
• Prophet Ibrahim (AS) his call to monotheism and the slaughtering of his son.
• Prophet Musa and Haroon (AS)
• Prophet Ilyas (AS)
• Prophet Lut (AS)
• Prophet Yunus (AS)

Surah/Chapter Saad

• Universal signs of Allah’s oneness.
• Outcome of those who display pride.
• Prophet Dawud (AS), his empire and his humility.
• Prophet Sulaiman (AS) and his kingdom.
• Prophet Ayyub (AS) and his tests.
• Other Prophets

Surah/Chapter Az-Zumar (the Troops)

• Miracle of the Quran
• Worship only for Allah’s sake.
• Creation in three layers of darkness in the womb.
25. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Fourth Section/Juz

Key Themes:

Surah/Chapter Az-Zumar (the Troops)

• Two groups: believer and disbelievers
• Door of repentance remains open
• Day of Judgement, and those who will be greeted with “Salam” as they enter the Garden

Surah/Chapter (The Forgiver)

• Battle between truth and falsehood, guidance and misguidance.
• Four qualities of Allah
• Angels who carry the Divine Throne and their supplication for the believers
• Justice on the day of Judgement
• The secret believer in the religion of Moses (AS)
• Stages of human creation
• Observe the fate of those who denied

Surah/Chapter Fussilat (Explained in Detail)

• The Prophet (PBUH) is not an angel.
• Community of ‘Aad and Thamud
• Reward for people who are steadfast
26. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Fifth Section/Juz

Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Fifth Section/Juz
27. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Sixth Section/Juz

Key Themes:

Surah/Chapter Ahqaaf (The Sandhills)

• Worshipping idols – materialistic outlook.
• Arrogance of those who are in power or possess wealth.
• Islam is a faith for everyone.
• Supplication of the pious son:
o Gratitude.
o Pious actions.
o Pious offspring.
• A child that is disobedient.
• Community of the Prophet Hud (AS).
• Resurrection.

Surah/Chapter Muhammad

• Theme of the chapter relates to Jihad.
• Just war:

See: The Quran and the Just Society by Ramon Harvey (Chapters 6 and 7):

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Quran-Just-Society-Ramon-Harvey/dp/1474403298

• Glimpses of Paradise

Surah/Chapter Fatah (Victory)

• Treaty of Hudaiybiyyah.
• Peace treaty for ten years.
• Victory without war – this is the default where the basis for relations is peace.
• People converted in large number after seeing the justice of the Muslims.
• Believers and hypocrites.
• Islam will prevail.
• Praise of the Companions.
• Forgiveness and reward for those who believer and perform good actions.

Surah/Chapter Hujuraat (The Rooms)

• Manners and proper conduct.
• Avoid rumours and gossip.
• Seek peace and reconciliation.
• Six social ills:
1. Mocking.
2. Finding fault in others.
3. Nicknames.
4. To think ill of someone.
5. To seek weakness in others and to spy on others.
6. Backbiting.
• Faith is embedded in the heart.

Surah/Chapter Qaf

• Fundamental beliefs
• Resurrection and accountability
• Patience

Surah/Chapter Dhariyaat (the Winnowing Winds)

• Four oaths
• Three proofs of Allah’s greatness
o Earth
o Man
o Heaven
28. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Seventh Section/Juz

Key Themes:

Surah/Chapter Dhariyah (The Winnowing Winds)

• Four oaths
• Three proofs of Allah’s greatness
o Earth
o Man
o Heaven
• Ibrahim (AS) and his meeting with the angels.
• What is the purpose of creation?

Surah/Chapter Tur (The Mount)

• Oath on five things
• “Or were they created by nothing, or are they ˹their own˺ creators? Or did they create the heavens and the earth? In fact, they have no firm belief ˹in Allah˺” (35-36)
• Gifts in Paradise
• Focus on calling people to Allah

Surah/Chapter Najm (The Star)

• The Night Journey
• Every person is individually responsible for his own actions.
• Power of Allah.

Surah/Chapter Qamar (The Moon)

• The splitting of the moon
• The day of Judgement
• The Quran is easy
• Predestination
• Never miss an opportunity to do something good

Surah/Chapter Rahman (The Beneficent)

• The Bride of the Quran
• The mercy of Allah
• The worldly and otherworldly gifts of Allah

Surah/Chapter Waqi’ah (The Inevitable)

• Protection from poverty
• Division into three groups
• Reflecting on the cosmos

Surah/Chapter Hadid (The Iron)

• Everything belongs to Allah
• Giving a loan to Allah
• Do not be deceived by this world
Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Eighth Section/Juz

Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Eighth Section/Juz

Surah/Chapter Mujaadilah (The Pleading Women)

• Divorce and Zihaar
• Etiquettes to do with whispering
• Making space in a gathering
• Blessings for those who remain firm

Surah/Chapter Hashr (The Exile)

• Everything in the universe praises Allah
• Evil actions lead to destruction
• What is “fay”
• Islamic economics
• Follow the Prophet PBUH
• Beautiful names of Allah

Surah/Chapter Mumtahinah (She that is to be examined)

• A serious error by a companion and forgiveness
• Love anyone for the sake of Allah.
• War as a last resort where peace is always the default

Surah/Chapter Saff (the Ranks)

• Honour agreements and pacts
• Failure to support Musa (AS) by the Bani Isra’il
• Islam will dominate
• Call to Islam like the disciples of Jesus (AS)

Surah/Chapter Jumuah (The Congregation, Friday)

• Practicing upon knowledge
• Compulsion of Jumuah, the Friday prayer

Surah/Chapter Munafiqun (the Hypocrites)

• Attributes of hypocrisy
• Do not be distracted by this world

Surah/Chapter Taghabun (Mutual disillusion)

• Failure of past nations
• The day of Judgement as a day of loss

Surah/Chapter Talaq (The Divorce)

• Laws regarding marital life
• Manner of divorce
• Maintenance of expenses
• Always be just and fear Allah

Surah/Chapter Tahrim (The Prohibition)

• Pure wives of the Prophet PBUH
• Save yourselves and your family first
Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Ninth Section/Juz

Surah/Chapter Mulk (The Sovereignty)

• Intercession through this Surah
• True kingship is for Allah
• Allah’s creation
• Outcome for those who disbelieve

Surah/Chapter Qalam (The Pen)

• Knowledge and learning
• Character of the Prophet (PBUH)
• How to benefit from your wealth
• Hereafter
• Be patient over what they do

Surah/Chapter Al-Haqqah (The Reality)

• The Day of Judgement is inevitable
• People who will be happy and others who will be miserable
• Truthfulness of the Prophet

Surah/Chapter Ma’arij (The Ascending Stairways)

• Mocking the Prophet (PBUH)
• Day of Judgement
• Nature of man is greed
• Eight qualities of those who perform their prayers

Surah/Chapter Nuh (Prophet Noah)

• Work hard like Nuh (AS)
• People were drowned.

Surah/Chapter Jinn

• Jinns who also follow laws
• Jinns who believed

Surah/Chapter Muzammil (The Enshrouded One)

• Personality of the Prophet
• Remain patient upon difficulties

Surah/Chapter Mudatthir (The Cloaked One)

• Reckoning before Allah
• Four reasons why people enter the fire

Surah/Chapter Qiyamah

• The Day of Judgement
• Resurrection
• Prophet (PBUH) striving to memorise the Quran
• Two parties

Surah/Chapter Insan (The Man)

• Reciting on Friday
• Three signs of grateful servants
• Patience and obedience are critical ingredients

Surah/Chapter Mursalat (The Emmisaries)

• Signs of Judgement day
• “Woe on that Day to the deniers!”
Ramadhan with the Quran: Thirtieth Section/Juz

Ramadhan with the Quran: Thirtieth Section/Juz

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The Wisdom of Fasting

The human being is composed of both animalistic and spiritual matter. The animalistic trait prevents the appearance of the angelic trait. The greatest cause for this is the consumption of food and drink and engaging in sexual activities.

Therefore, a method is needed to subdue (not destroy) this force. The aim is to adorn oneself with the angelic hue. Fasting is effective in achieving this. It gradually subdues the animalistic trait in obedience to Allah while liberating the angelic trait to turn to Him. In fact, this is where liberation - if we want to call it that - is acquired.

This is the meaning of the final part of the verse:

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ

"O you who have attained faith, fasting has been prescribed upon you as it was prescribed upon those before you, that you may become mindful (of God)" (2:183)

In other words, our liberation lies in submitting to the one true God.

Islam as a way of life takes into consideration the general way of society so a short period is chosen to allow for an opportunity to subdue the animalistic trait and liberate the angelic trait.

Therefore, a short period is ordained. This is so because if it was to be left to us some would keep the duration too short and thus the aim would not be achieved. Others would go to extremes such that it would harm their wellbeing. Fasting, thus, is like a medicine: too less won’t work and too much would cause death. God wants us to be balanced people.

Fasting synchronously gives strength and encourages fellow Muslims. Their togetherness attracts the blessings of Allah and everyone – the low and the pious – benefit. When this month is chosen in this way there can be no month greater in which the Quran is revealed, and it becomes the locale for the night of power.
Virtues of Fasting

In this lecture we explore the report of the Prophet:

“Every [good] deed a son of Adam does will be multiplied, a good deed receiving a tenfold to seven hundredfold reward. God has said, ‘With the exception of fasting, for it is done for my sake and I give a reward for it. One abandons his passion and his food for my sake.* The one who fasts has two occasions of joy, one when he breaks his fast and one when he meets his Lord. The bad breath of one who fasts is sweeter to God than the fragrance of musk. Fasting is a protection, [i.e. from acts of disobedience in this world and from hell in the next. Pt. vi.] and when the day of the fast of any of you comes he must not use vile language or raise his voice, and if anyone reviles him or tries to fight with him he should tell him he is fasting.”

In addition, we look at what it means when deeds are multiplied.

And why fasting is an exception in that God will reward for it Himself.

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1. The Virtues of Sha'baan: The Door to Ramadhan

Jumuah Khutbah - Virtues of Shaban

• The month in which deeds are raised to Allah.
• Increasing in good deeds, in particular fasting.
• Month of the Prophet - send Salawat upon the Prophet (saw).
• However, the beauty of Islam lies in moderation.
• Splitting of the moon.
• Change of Qiblah
• Commandment of fasting in Ramadhan revealed in this month.

• Tips for preparing for Ramadhan:

1. Quran timetable
2. Spending time and keeping in touch with family.
3. Give up at least one sin.
4. Pray one Tahajjud per week.
2. 15th of Shabaan

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1.1 Introduction to Hanafi Legal Theory

In this video we introduce what Islamic legal theory is by looking at:

1. Its definition (ḥadd)
2. Name of the Knowledge (Ism)
3. Subject Matter (Mawḍū’)
4. Learning Outcomes (Thamarah)

In the next lesson we will complete the remaining six introductory points.
1.2 Introduction to Hanafi Legal Theory

In this second video we introduce what Islamic legal theory is by looking at the remaining six introductory points.

5. The issues it deals with.
6. It’s sources.
7. The founder of this knowledge.
8. Its relationship to other subjects.
9. It’s status among subjects.
10. Its ruling in terms of learning this subject.

In the next video we look at the author of the text.
1.3 Introduction to Hanafi Legal Theory - Author of the Text
1.4 Introduction to Hanafi Legal Theory - The Text of Usul as-Sashi

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1. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Book of Purification
2. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Sunnah and Mustahab of Wudhu
3. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Nullifiers of Wudhu
4. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Obligatory acts of Ghusl

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1. The Month of Rajab - Time Has Returned

In this series we look at the month of Rajab and in this particular video we briefly look at the hadith of the Prophet ﷺ:

"Time has come back to its position Allah had set the day He created the heavens and the Earth..."
2. Virtues of the Month of Rajab

Rajab, the seventh month of the lunar year, stands apart from the other sacred months. It is thus called ‘Rajab al-Fard’ or ‘Rajab the Separate One’.

As Imam Abu Bakr al-Warraq al-Balkhi (the uncle of Imam Tirmidhi) said:

‘The month of Rajab is the month of planting (your seeds), Sha‘ban is the month of irrigating, and Ramadan is the month of harvesting the crop’

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1. Revelation is Reasonable

In this video we look at revelation (waḥi) which is situated above and in relationship with reason and the senses.

In Islam, that is true monotheism and submission to God, one believes that this world is a cultivating field and a test for the life to come. Therefore, we are expected to use this life to acquire the pleasure of God.

To understand this world, we use our senses and reason. In terms of *how* we are to use this world and to worship God we require something that is suprarational, i.e., revelation, which comes to us via chosen Prophets.

However, before we accept their Prophecy, we must undergo a form of reasoning to accept them. Hence, revelation is entirely reasonable.
2. Modes of Revelation

In this video we look at the various modes of revelation. It is worth remembering that the Prophet is the final Messenger sent to humankind and with his death revelation comes to an end. There is no revelation to come.

This final revelation is part of a chain of other prophets who received Divine revelation. This includes great Prophets such as Noah, Joseph, Jacob, Solomon, Moses, Abraham and Jesus to name just a few.

All the Prophets teach the same essential message which is monotheism, and this is what Islam essentially is; to submit oneself to God.
3. Chronology of Revelation
4. Meccan and Medinan Verses
5. Why was the Quran revealed gradually?

"And those who disbelieve say: Why is the Qur'an not revealed unto him all at once? (It is revealed) thus that We may strengthen thy heart therewith; and We have arranged it in right order." (25:32)
6. Cause of Revelation
7. Preservation of the Quran During the Prophetic Era

Some texts cited in this video:
1. The History of the Quranic Text: The Revelation to Compilation by Muhammad Mustafa Al-Azami. 2. Studies in Hadith Methodology and Literature by Muhammad Mustafa Al-Azami.
3. An Approach To Quranic Sciences By Muhammad Taqi Usmani.
4. Taqyid al-'Ilm by al-Khatib al-Baghdadi's Taqyid al-'Ilm (Arabic)
5. Manahil Al 'Irfan Fi 'Ulum Al Quran by Muhammad al-Zarqani (Arabic)
8. Compilation of the Quran under Abu Bakr and its spread under Umar
9. Uthman's RA Mushaf
10. Sources of Quranic Tafsir
11. Israelite Reports
2. With the Quran: The Opening (al-Fatihah) Verse Three
12. With the Quran: The Praise (al-Ḥamd)

This session will be taken from Imam Fakhr al-Din Razi's (d.606 AH/1210 CE) "The Great Exegesis" (al-Tafsir al-Kabir).
13. With the Quran: The Praise (al-Ḥamd) - Continued

This session will be taken from Imam Fakhr al-Din Razi's (d.606 AH/1210 CE) "The Great Exegesis" (al-Tafsir al-Kabir).
14. With the Quran: The Praise (al-Ḥamd) - Continued

This session will be taken from Imam Fakhr al-Din Razi's (d.606 AH/1210 CE) "The Great Exegesis" (al-Tafsir al-Kabir).
15. With the Quran: "Lord of the Worlds"

In this session we look at second part of the first verse of the first chapter of the Quran:

All praise is for Allah—Lord of the worlds.

What does it mean when Allah says "Lord of the worlds"?

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1. The Art of Persuasion: Aristotle's Rhetoric for Everybody - Introduction
2. The Art of Persuasion: Aristotle's Rhetoric - "Education Often Follows a Crooked Path"
3. The Art of Persuasion: Aristotle's Rhetoric - The Partner of Rhetoric is Cooking, Not Philosophy
4. The Art of Persuasion: Aristotle's Rhetoric for Everybody - Study, Imitation, Habit & Innovation
5. The Art of Persuasion: Aristotle's Rhetoric for Everybody - Five Reasons Why Rhetoric is Useful
6. The Art of Persuasion: Aristotle's Rhetoric for Everybody - A Definition of Rhetoric
7. The Art of Persuasion: Rhetoric is Ultimately about Happiness
8. The Art of Persuasion: Argument and Proof

Following the rhetorical situation two things are required: argument and proof. To prove an argument requires one to know the genre, or kind, of rhetoric. There are three: political, legal and ceremonial (they are not exhaustive) and requires one to use the resources of that genre. However, while rhetoric requires logic and reason, appeal should also be made to ethics and emotion.
9. The Art of Persuasion: Rhetorical Genres: Political Goodness
9.1 The Art of Persuasion: Thucydides's Peloponnesian Wars

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1.1. Introduction to the Metaphysics of Islam
1.2. Introduction to the Metaphysics of Islam

Ontology: The Ten Categories:

Substance
Quality
Quantity
Relation
Where
When
Position
Having
Action
Passion
1.3. Introduction to the Metaphysics of Islam
1.4. Introduction to the Metaphysics of Islam
1.5. Introduction to the Metaphysics of Islam

As opposed to ethical and epistemological relativism, we can come to know the reality of things and their ultimate nature with certainty through a number of means.
1.6. Introduction to the Metaphysics of Islam

In this lecture we look at what ‘education’ is. That is the acquisition of moral purpose and adab. Education is the recognition of the proper place of everything as provided by the Quranic conceptual system. Its actualisation results in justice which is a reflection of wisdom. Anything else will lead to chaos. Something we observe today.
1.7. Introduction to the Metaphysics of Islam

In this video we delve further into the notion of ‘proper place’ and how it points to order and hierarchy that pervades the created order of being and existence, both externally and mentally. In the mind this is formulated by knowledge, intelligence and virtue. The correct formulation leads to harmony. However, the corruption of knowledge can only lead to chaos.

Secondly, we look at language and how it reflects ontology. We briefly touched upon the term ‘secular’ and 'al hayat al-dunya' (the worldly life) and how the latter, literally translated as 'being brought near' is meant to draw us close to God by reflecting upon it to take us to the afterlife. Yet, the irony is that what is brought near, the dunya, takes many away from the final objective.

Progress in this sense is what leads to success in the afterlife.
1.8. Introduction to the Metaphysics of Islam

In this video we introduce secularism which takes its roots from the Latin term saeculum. Originally a spatio-temporal connotation it now emphasises the spatial. In any case time refers to the ‘now’ and location to ‘this world’. It is about this world at this time. Over time, this gives rise to an existential context of an ever-changing world wherein human values are relative. The process that is secularisation takes hold of all aspects of life which will – it is believed – lead to maturity of the human subject, the Übermensch.

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1. Introduction: Faith is Strengthened by Loving the Prophet

The background to this revelation, we are told by Bukhari, is that a tribe had come from the tribe of Tamim to visit the Prophet ﷺ. During their visit, a discussion occurred over who should be appointed as the ruler of this tribe. Abu Bakr and Umar suggested various names during the course of which their voices were raised. This is one background to the revelation. Believers are reminded here to never proceed in any matter ahead of the Prophet ﷺ. The verse is general in its application and can be applied to many situations that concern the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet though is no longer amongst us today physically yet his memory in deed and speech, inspiration and warnings, hope and reminder, is very much alive. In this, we are reminded to be watchful and circumspect when it comes to his Sunnah; to follow it in every conceivable way possible and to humble ourselves when his name, words and actions are mentioned. To love the Prophet ﷺ is to love Allah.

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1. Part One: The Heirs of the Prophets
2. Part Two: The Heirs of the Prophets
3. Part Three: The Heirs of the Prophets

*Knowledge is the Essence of Guidance*

In this short lecture we continue with the ḥadīth of Abu Darda (may God be pleased with him) to look at how knowledge is the essence of guidance. The sincere pursuit of which is the easiest route to paradise. On the contrary, without knowledge and its light a person is left to wander in darkness. Darkness here describes a state of ignorance and doubt. The Prophet ﷺ likened possessors of knowledge to stars, a profound metaphor.
4. Part Four: The Heirs of the Prophets - Knowledge of the Tongue and the Heart

In this short video, we look at two types of knowledge as mentioned by Hasan al-Basri: knowledge of the tongue and knowledge of the heart. Inner knowledge refers to that which embraces the heart and instils fear, humility, awareness of God’s exaltedness, love, intimacy and yearning.

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Basics of Belief - Part One

In this lecture we cover the following basic articles of belief:

1. One must know that Allah exists with an Essence having no beginning or end; He is eternal and has not beginning.

2. Allah is a singularity and nothing can be associated with Him. Only He is worthy of worship.

3. Only has Allah perfect attributes. They are knowledge, life, power, will, speech, hearing, sight and origination. They have no beginning nor end.

4. Allah does not have any deficient attributes. He is not constrained by space, time, or direction. They are all created by Him and he is not bound by them.

5. Allah does not have a body, nor is He limited, nor finite. He does not have dimensionality or size. He is vast but not in the way we understand it. He is all-encompassing in a way that does not make sense to our mind. He is with us always but not in the way we usually experience companionship. He is intimately close to us yet He is far above anything we can ever imagine of him.

This is based on the Maktoobat of Mujaddid Alf Thaani Ahmad Sirhindi – letter 2.67.
Basics of Belief - Part Two

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1. Hidden Blessings: Wisdoms Behind Calamities, Difficulties, Trial & Tribulations

In this lecture we look at three wisdoms:

1. One should adopt an attitude of "mind over matter" - don't consider them as problems to begin with!

2. Reflect upon the fact that *most* of the time we have comfort and ease so why worry about a small and short difficulty?

3. A true lover does not see difficulties as challenges from their beloved. They see everything the beloved sends as a gift!
2. Hidden Blessings: Wisdoms Behind Calamities, Difficulties, Trial & Tribulations
3. Hidden Blessings: Wisdoms Behind Calamities, Difficulties, Trial & Tribulations
4. Hidden Blessings: Wisdoms Behind Calamities Difficulties Trial & Tribulations

This video is about My Movie
5. Hidden Blessings: Wisdoms Behind Calamities Difficulties Trial & Tribulations
6. Hidden Blessings: Wisdoms Behind Calamities Difficulties Trial & Tribulations

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1. Defending Muhammad in Modernity: Introduction

If you want to understand the contours and the environment which gave birth to the Deobandi-Barelwi polemic this book is an absolute must read. The controversy around how one should honour Prophet was and remains controversial. The book seeks to move beyond the secular liberal attempt of putting Muslims into legal/mystical, puritan/populist, exclusivist/inclusivist, and reformist/traditional binaries. At heart of this debate is how should one imagine divine sovereignty and its relationship with Prophetic authority in the colonial context. Yet despite the vigorous polemics both sides shared much in common.
2. Thinking the Question of Sovereignty in Early Colonial India
3. The Promise and Perils of Moral Reform
4. Reenergizing Sovereignty
5. Salvational Politics
6. Intercessory Wars
7. Reforming Religion in the Shadow of Colonial Power
8. Law, Sovereignty, and the Boundaries of Normative Practice
9. Forbidding Piety to Restore Sovereignty - The Mawlid and Its Discontents
10. Retaining Goodness: Reform as the Preservation of Original Forms
11. Convergences

So far, I have tried to highlight major differences between Ahmed Raza Khān and the Deobandis on how they approached and defined the idea and threat
of heretical innovation. Here I will show some important points of convergence.
12a. Knowing the Unknown Contesting the Sovereign Gift of Knowledge

Aḥmad Razā Khān and his Deoband rivals agreed that knowledge and
prophetic authority were intimately intertwined. They also agreed on the
doctrinal tenet that of all God’s creations the Prophet was the most knowledgeable,
authoritative, and beloved. However, they sharply departed on
the critical questions of how should one define knowledge and what precisely
its relationship was to prophetic authority.

Khān felt that the speculative discursive and doctrinal maneuvers of his
Deoband rivals verged on blasphemy. But for the Deoband pioneers, the
discursive risks they ran paled in comparison with the stakes of securing
divine sovereignty in a moment of moral crisis and chaos.
12b. Knowing the Unknown Contesting the Sovereign Gift of Knowledge

"The pioneers of the Barelvī and Deobandī
schools articulated competing visions of what they considered normatively
coherent programs of tradition and reform. Their rival narratives of
tradition cannot be conceptualized through such binaries as law/Sufism,
reformist/nonreformist, or traditionalist/modernist" (331).
13a. Internal Disagreements

This part captures some of the subtle variations and attitudinal differences found among the Deoband pioneers on contested ritual and normative practices.

Imdādullah found his accommodationist temperament increasingly
at odds with the climate of intensifying polemical encounters that gripped
the North Indian Muslim intellectual elite by the late nineteenth century.

In characteristic style, Imdādullah strove to highlight the varied dimensions
of the issues in an effort to find common ground and to show the
legitimacy of the concerns and assumptions undergirding each competing
position.
13b. Internal Disagreements

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1. Primer on Hanafi Usul al Fiqh - Introduction

This is a short introduction lesson.

To join the full course - which requires subscription - please message us directly and we will get you subscribed.

Thank you.
4b. Types of general expressions, implementation, and proofs for the application.

This is a video of a seminar from our Hanafi usul al-fiqh primer series. To join the course and subscribe, please message us directly. You will be granted access to the platform where you can watch lessons where and go through concepts step by step.

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1. Travelling Home: Essays on Islam in Europe - Introduction
2. Can Liberalism tolerate Islam?

Can Liberalism tolerate Islam?

"If we must be intolerant of intolerance, then can liberalism tolerate anything other than itself?"
3. Muslims and National Populism
4. British Muslims and the Rhetoric of Indigenisation
5. Islamophobia and the Bosnian War
6. The Venomous Bid'a of Tanfīr
7. Good anger, bad, anger, and Shirk al-Asbāb.

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1. Introduction - The Anarchy by William Dalrymple

The two paintings mentioned can be found here:

1. The Mughal emperor Shah Alam hands a scroll to Robert Clive, the governor of Bengal, which transferred tax collecting rights in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company.

Of course, we now know that this picture does not depict what really happened (see pg. xxiv of the book). This took place privately where "Clive had dictated the terms and terrified Shah Alam had simply waived them through".

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/04/east-india-company-original-corporate-raiders

2. Sir Thomas Roe, envoy from King James I of England to the Mogul Emperor, succeeds by his courtesy and firmness at the Court of Ajmir in laying the foundation of British influence in India.

https://www.parliament.uk/worksofart/artwork/william-rothenstein/sir-thomas-roe-at-the-court-of-ajmir-1614/2598

This is the link to Powis castle in Wales where it is "simply awash with the loot from India":

https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/powis-castle-and-garden
2. Chapter Two - 1599.

Here is the link to the image of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, painted by his master artist Bichitr, where he prefers Sufi shaykhs over kings and even Sir Thomas Roe!

https://arthistoryproject.com/artists/bichitr/jahangir-preferring-a-sufi-shaikh-to-kings/
3. Chapter Two: An Offer He Could Not Refuse

The video of Chapter Two: 'An Offer He Could Not Refuse' is available.

Robert Clive and Siraj ud-Daula enter the scene.

Both would end up with very different destinies.
4. Chapter Three: Sweeping with the Broom of Plunder

In this chapter we see that in 1757 Robert Clive declared war on Siraj ud-Daula, the last independent Nawab of Bengal, in the name of the Company while Clive Watson did the same in the name of the Crown.

This was the first time that the East India Company declared war on an Indian prince.

We will also look at the historic battle of Plassey which henceforth allowed the company to assert itself as a strong military force within the Mughal Empire.

Unbounded looting and asset-stripping by the company had began while they installed a puppet Nawab.
5. Chapter Four: A Prince of Little Capacity

In this video we look at chapter four of the book.

Moving beyond the battle of Plassey, Robert Clive returns back to England with all his wealth. Bengal (and India) falls into chaos while the company continues with its looting. The puppet Nawaab, Mir Jafar "the prince of little capacity" is replaced in a second coup by the company. Warren Hastings, who loves India a little bit more than his native England tries his best to restrain the company. Power struggles continue both in Delhi with Shah Alam and Miran and Mir Qasim in Bengal. A war between the company and the Mughals is imminent.
6a. Chapter Five: Bloodshed and Confusion
6b. Chapter Five (part two): Bloodshed and Confusion
7. Chapter Six: Racked by Famine

The Bengal Famine in 1770 which could have been averted or at least blunted by the company.

But maintaining revenue took precedence over the lives of ordinary Indians who "sold their sons and daughters, till at length no buyers of children could be found" (pg.216).

By 1771 word was reaching England of the inhumanity of the company, as public opinion swung against the EIC. The company began to struggle financially as loans dried up.

Yet, it was too big too fail. Indian wealth was helping Britain's economy and that the failure of the company would lead to national bankruptcy (pg. 230).

Parliament was recalled to look into widespread corruption and malpractice by the company servants.

Don't forget that 40% of MPs, according to the book, owned company stock so they had a personal interest in this.

In any case, the EIC generated almost half of Britains trade. It could not fail.

A "colossal loan of £1.4 million (£147 millions today)" was agreed to (pg. 233).

This lead to a steady nationalisation of the company.

Robert Clive, who had profited immensely from this venture, committed suicide in 1774 (pp.234-235).

After a number of wars against the company by an alliance of the Marathah's, Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan, and the Nizam of Hyderabad, it was feeling the strain.

After a number of wars against the company by an alliance of the Marathah's, Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan, and the Nizam of Hyderabad, it was feeling the strain.

Globally, in 1780 the Empire was suffering in places like America too.
8. Chapter Seven: The Desolation of Delhi
9. Chapter Eight: The Impeachment of Warren Hastings
10. Chapter Ten: The Corpse of India

This is the final chapter of the book - we hoped you enjoyed it!

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The Great Tiding: Surah al-Naba

This Surah talks of four key themes:

1. Those who refuse to accept the Prophetic message, and in the Resurrection.

2. Rather than argue with them, Allah asks us to reflect upon His creation, and to use our intellect to recognise His existence through them.

3. The advent of the Resurrection, referred to as the day of Division and as the Moment Appointed.

4. Finally, how believers and disbelievers will experience this event in different ways.

The irony is those who denied the Resurrection at the beginning of the surah and stated that we will turn into dust, will, after seeing the Truth, wish they were turned into dust. This is what the final verse states.
Surah al-Nazi'at: Day of judgement, the Hour, and the Resurrection.

• This Chapter is about the Day of judgement, the Hour, and the Resurrection.
• The first five verses present a series of oaths where Allah swears by certain aspects of His creation.
• Verses 6-14 recount questions of those who do not believe in the Resurrection and reaffirm some of His attributes.
• Verses 15-26 is considered by some to be the first revelation of the story of Musa (Moses) and Pharaoh in the chronological order of revelation, where Allah likens his disbelief to those of Makkan idolaters.
• Verses 27-33 cites wonders of Allah’s ability to resurrect.
• Verses 43-42 returns to the description of the Day of Resurrection, while contrasting the fate of the believers with the disbelievers.
• The last five verses are a response to the disbelievers who rebuked the Prophet ﷺ for not knowing when the hour will come.

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Sirah Series: Life of the Prophet ﷺ : Untainted Family Lineage
2. Life of the Prophet ﷺ : Maternal Lineage and the reason for the name of Quraysh
3. Life of the Prophet ﷺ : Hashim and Abdul Muttalib

In this lecture we look at the great-grandfather of the Prophet ﷺ, Hashim, and introduce his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib.
4. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Abdul Muttalib’s dream and the well of Zam Zam.

In this lecture we looked at the dream of Abdul Muttalib and the well of Zam Zam.

We also look at his vow and why the Prophet ﷺ was also called Ibn al-Zabihayn (the son of the two Zabih's).
5. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Traits of Pre-Islamic Arabs

They include:
1. Pride in family lineage.
2. Valour and heroism.
3. Generosity and selflessness.
4. Memory and intellect.
5. Self-esteem.
6. Eloquence in language and rhetoric.
6. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Abdullah's Marriage to Aminah & the the People of the Elephants
7. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: The Auspicious Birth
8. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Collapse of the Towers of Chosroes
9.The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Upbringing and Suckling

In this short lecture we look at two significant women: Thuwaybah and Halimah, and the way in which the Prophet ﷺ maintained a relationship with them and their families.
10. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ:The Splitting of the Chest.

Brief overview of the four instances wherein the chest of the Prophet was opened.
11. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ:The Seal of Prophethood

In this lecture we talk about the seal that was between his blessed shoulder blades, the death of Aminah, his mother, and the death of Abdul Muttalib, his grandfather.
12. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Encounter with Bahira the Monk
13. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Being Awarded the Title, Amin (trustworthy one)
14. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Meeting Nastura the Monk and Marriage to Khadijah
15. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Renovation of the Ka'bah and Arbitration of the Prophet ﷺ
16. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Glad Tidings of Prophethood
17. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Inception of Divine Revelation
19. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: "Read! In the name of your Lord who created"
20. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Meeting Waraqah bin Nawfal
21. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: The Emotional Intelligence of Khadijah
22. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Virtues of Seclusion.
23. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: The First Believers
24. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Islam of Abu Bakr
25. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Early Converts to Islam
26. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Invitation to Islam
28. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: The Temptation of Wealth and Leadership
29. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Relentless and Questioning and Interrogation
30. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: The Reality of the Ruh (Spirit or Soul) and the Nafs (Lower Self)
31. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Physical Persecution of the Prophet
32. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Difficult personalities
33. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Persecution of Bilal and Amaar ibn Yaasir
34. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ: Persecution of Suhaib ibn Sinaan and Khabaab ibn al-Aratt
35. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ : The Splitting of the Moon
36. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ : The Foremost Migration to Abyssinia
37. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ : Speech of Ja'far in the Presence of Emperor Negus
38. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ : The Islam of 'Umar
39. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ : Boycott of Banu Hashim

You can find details of the valley of Abu Talib here:

https://www.islamiclandmarks.com/makkah-other/valley-of-abu-talib
40. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ : Death of Khadijah and Abu Taalib
41. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ : Attendance of Jinn and Islam Tufail bin 'Amr Dawsi
42. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ : First Part of the Night Journey, the Isra.
43. The Life of the Prophet ﷺ : Isra and Mi'raj, from Makkah to Al Aqsa
44. The Life of the Prophet: Leading all the Prophets at Masjid al Aqsa
45. The Life of the Prophetﷺ : Ascension to the Heavens and Meeting other Prophets
46. The Life of the Prophetﷺ : Ascension to the Heavens and Observing Paradise
47. The Life of the Prophetﷺ : Ascension to the Heavens and Conversing with Allah.
The Night of Qadar
48. The Life of the Prophetﷺ : Reflection on the Night Journey
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This video is private.
49. Reflection on the Life of the Prophetﷺ and the final hour of Ramadhan 2020
50. The Life of the Prophetﷺ : Reflection on the Night Journey and Reasons for Meeting Prophets

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Turning Adversity into an Opportunity
Friday Talk - Preparing for Ramadhan
Friday Afternoon Live: Verify Before Sharing

In an age of social media, a general deficiency to engage in considered critical thinking, and now the fear and anxiety, it is all too easy to forward information without verifying. A culture of (mis)information has become the norm. As believers, we are called upon time and time again to verify information we receive before forwarding it to others. The consequence of failing to do this, is more harm can be caused even if the intention might have otherwise been good.

It is too easy to forward video and messages without verifying it. The sort of questions to ask yourself, does this make sense? Is it plausible? How can I verify it? Do I need to verify it? Is it even worth sharing?

In this video I share some thoughts.
Friday Afternoon Talk: Marriage and Spirituality
Coronavirus Pandemic: Haroon Sidat, Cardiff University

Haroon Sidat, Research Associate at the Centre for the Study of Islam at the Cardiff University reacts to news that Muslim clerics are calling for the cancellation of all prayer services due to the coronavirus outbreak.

#Coronavirus #Muslims #FridayPrayers

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Imam Haroon Sidat – Young Ulama as Custodians of Change

This presentation was delivered as part of a conference on ‘Leadership, Authority and Representation in British Muslim Communities’ organised by Cardiff University’s Centre for the Study of Islam in the UK on 21st January 2019. For more information, see: https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/news/view/1411520-leadership,-authority-and-representation-in-british-muslim-communities.

The conference was organised in conjunction with a Special Issue of the international journal Religions co-edited by Professor Sophie Gilliat-Ray and Dr Riyaz Timol. All papers published in the Special Issue are available via ‘Open Access’ here: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special_issues/bmc.

The full Conference Programme including bios of speakers and panellists is available on the Islam-UK Centre website: https://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/islamukcentre/community-engagement/conference-on-leadership-authority-and-representation-in-british-muslim-communities/
Making the Most of Time

Valuing Time

By the declining day,
man is [deep] in loss,
except for those who believe, do good deeds, urge one another to the truth, and urge one another to steadfastness (or to patience).
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This video is private.
Making the most of the last few days of Ramadhan

This is the Dua:

اللَهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَفُوٌّ تُحِبُّ العَفوَ فاعفُ عَنّي

“O Allah You are pardoning, and love to pardon, so pardon me.”

[Narrated by Ahmad, Tirmidhi, Nasa’I, Ibn Majah]
Can or should we perform the Eid prayer at home?

Here is the summary. They are all legitimate views and opinions and there is no need to stress. Perform what works for you.

1. You don’t need to worry since your local masjid has covered it for you.

2. You can pray Eid prayer at home as a congregation if you want (four males, and then sisters and other family members can stand behind). The khutbah is recommended but if you can’t do it it is fine. Taking this option would seem to be leaving the Hanafi School and following the other schools of law.

3. If you want to, you can pray two or four units instead as a congregation at home. Though this is not the optimal position in the Hanafi school.

4. Or just pray two or four units individually at home.

Have a blessed Eid!

تَقَبَّلَّ اللهُ مِنَّا وَمِنْكَ

(may Allah accept [the worship] from us and you).
Eid al-Fiṭr 2020/1441: Patience, Moderation and Optimism in Difficult Times.

Learn your dīn well, be balanced in your outlook, display compassion and empathy yet remain firm in what you believe, and never neglect your own self.
From Text Message to Sacred Message

Recorded as part of the Friday Khutbah on 16th October 2020.
Prophetic Perseverance for Our Times

Recommended books mentioned in this lecture:

1. Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century by Mark Mazower (1998).
2. Muhammad: Prophet of Peace Amid the Clash of Empires by Juan Cole (2020).
3. Faces of Muhammad: Western Perceptions of the Prophet of Islam from the Middle Ages to Today by John Tolan (2019).
Friday Lecture - Imagining a Post Covid World
The Muslim Jesus

Most of us will be familiar with the story of the birth of Jesus (peace be upon him) as the one taking place in Bethlehem with the stable, and Joseph, the shepherds and the angels all huddled in attendance. There is another narrative. This is the one where Mariam, or Mary, gives birth to him under a palm tree, and the baby speaks – miraculously – vouching for her chastity.

For a Christian, this is a strange narrative. Yet this is the Islamic version. Many Christians believe that Jesus is entirely theirs. But the truth is that he plays an important role for Muslims though they view his life and significance differently. He is Jesus the Muslim. This may sound strange because Islam emerged hundreds of years after Christianity. The word Muslim essentially means somebody who is trying to practice Islam, which in the Arabic language means someone who has submitted to God. So, if we call Jesus a Muslim, we are saying that he is someone who has submitted to God. Which for Muslims is perfectly true.

A Muslim is someone is someone who is completely in obedience and submissive to the will of his Creator.

For this lecture I am indebted to Sh Abdal Hakim Murad (https://www.thingsunseen.co.uk/podcasts/jesus-the-muslim/) from whom most of this lecture is based.

For those of you interested in another reading:

https://ibnarabisociety.org/jesus-according-to-ibn-arabi-souad-hakim/
The Masjid in Islamic Civilization

In this short khutbah we explore why the Masjid is the emblem of our faith, it being a place of elevating the remembrance of God, and its metaphysical significance.

Due to time constraints, we could not complete the entire lecture.

The image: An elaborate mihrab sits in the Jama Masjid, a huge mosque that is part of the fortress complex of the abandoned city of Mandu (credit to Christopher Boisveux).
Watch what you say: A Good Word can become a Good Tree

"Have you not considered how God presents an example, [making] a good word like a good tree, whose root is firmly fixed and its branches [high] in the sky?

Giving its fruit at every season by permission of its Lord? Allah coineth the similitudes for mankind in order that they may reflect."

(14:24-25)

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1. Fiqh of Fasting - Types of Fasts and Sighting the Crescent

In this lesson we look at the different types of fasting and discuss rulings around sighting the crescent for Ramadhan.
2. Fiqh of Fasting - The Day of Doubt and Its Scenarios

In this lecture we will look at the following scenarios (and their reasons):

1. If a person forms the intention of Ramadhan, it is disliked.
a. If it transpires as Ramadhan – his fast is valid for Ramadhan -
b. If it transpires as Shaban – it will be nafl fast

2. If a person forms the intention of another wajib fast, it is disliked less than (1).
a. If it transpires as Ramadhan – his fast is valid for Ramadhan
b. If it transpires as Shaban – it will be nafl fast.

3. If a person forms an intention for an optional fast – there is no dislike.

4. One makes the intention itself conditional, in that they will form the intention if it is Ramadhan but will not if it is from Shaban.
a. They will not be considered a person who is fasting

5. One makes intention conditional regarding its details, in that they will form the intention to fast if the next day is Ramadhan, and if it is from Shaban, they will fast on account of another wajib fast.
a. If it transpires as Ramadhan – his fast is valid for Ramadhan
b. If it transpires as Shaban – then the fast for another fast is not valid. It will be nafl.

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1. Preparing for Ramadhan - Introduction

“Every (good) deed of the son of Adam would be multiplied, a good deed receiving a tenfold to seven hundredfold reward. Allah, may He be Exalted has said: With the exception of fasting, for it is done for Me and I will give a reward for it” (Muslim).

In this lecture we briefly introduce fasting and why it is important and beneficial at the personal level and briefly talk about its communal benefits.
2. Preparing for Ramadhan - Three Levels of Fasting and How to Fast Like the Righteous

According to Imam Ghazālī, there are three levels of fasting:

1.Fasting of the common person (‘awām)
2. Fasting of the elect (khawāṣ)
3.Fasting of the elect of the elect (khusūs al-Khawās).

As for the fasting of the elect, which is the righteous, this is to restrain the organs of the body from disobedience. This can be achieved through six matters which will be discussed in this lecture.

*We apologise for the video freezing part-way through but the audio should be fine.
3. Preparing for Ramadhan - The Secret of Fasting

Part of fasting is for a human being to realise in their character some aspect of the character of God, to imitate, as much as possible, the angels who are beyond desires and appetites, and to draw ever closer to God, the Exalted.

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Women and Gender in the Quran - Part 1 - Maulana Dr Haroon Sidat

Men and women as equal partners in creation with equal access to God’s mercy, or raḥmah.
Women and Gender in the Quran - Part 2 - Adam and Eve (Hawa) - Maulana Dr Haroon Sidat

In this lecture, we turn to the Qur'an and look at the story of Adam and Hawa (Eve).
Women and Gender in the Quran - Part 3 - Abraham, Sarah, and Hagar

Session Three of Women in the Quran will look at the story of Abraham, Sarah, and Hagar (may God's peace and blessings be on all of them).
Women and Gender in the Quran - Part 5 - Musa AS and The Women Around Him

Do you know how many women played a decisive role in the life of Musa?

In this today we will look at the Women in the Life of the Prophet Musa, or Moses (may peace be upon him).
Women and Gender in the Quran - Part 6 - Maryam AS / Mary

Women and Gender in the Quran - The Story of Maryam (Mary)

She is identified in the Qur’an by name where she appears in a large number of verses and has an entire Surah named after her.
Women and Gender in the Quran - Part 4 - Wives of the Prophets Nuh and Lut

Today we will look at the wives of the Prophets Nuh and Lut (may Allah be pleased with them)

Maulana Dr Haroon is delivering a 10-week course titled Women and Gender in the Quran where he will explain what the framework should be for a believer when it comes to gender. Using the Quran, we will look at a number of very important and pertinent issues. Beginning with the understanding that in Islam, men and women are equal and that both can receive God’s grace and mercy, we will construct principles with regards to faith and gender. Lives of prominent women mentioned in the Quran will be discussed including Sarah the wife of Ibrahim (AS), the wife of Nuh and Lut (AS), the wife of Firawn, the mother of Musa and the sister of Musa (AS), the Queen of Sheba, the wife of Imran, Maryam, the daughter of Imran and the mother of Isa, Hajar and Ibrahim (AS), and the Mothers of the Believers.
Prophet ﷺ Wives and the Significance of the Mothers of the Believers - Part 7 - Khadijah (RA)

*The Prophet’s ﷺ Wives and the Significance of the Mothers of the Believers - Khadijah, Her Faith and Faithfulness.

As part of the Women and Gender in the Quran Series.

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1. Explanation of the Categories of the Prophet’s Knowledge

Given the vast canon of ḥadīth literature available to us, it is important, nay, imperative, that we situate statements and actions of the Prophet ﷺ in their right context, understand their import, and relative strengths.

For ease, we can split what has been related to us from the Prophet ﷺ and stated in the books of ḥadīth in two broad categories:

1.Part of propagating the message;
2. And that which is not.
2. The Difference between Beneficial Purposes (Maṣāliḥ) and the Religious Laws

The first category i.e. that which is part of propagating the message can be further divided into two types of knowledge both of which are distinct from one another:

1. Knowledge of beneficial purposes (maṣāliḥ) and harmful acts.

2. Knowledge of the divine law, punishments (ḥudūd) and the obligatory duties. This will be covered separately.
3. Second type of Knowledge: The Divine Law, Punishments (ḥudūd) and the Obligatory Duties

We begin by posing this question: Can we rationally work out good and evil without revelation?

Reminding us of the Platonic dialogue, Euthyphro, the question of whether morality is autonomous; independent of religion or adjunct to it has been debated by early Muslim thinkers.

Then we look at the second type of knowledge.

As opposed to the previous discussion, this knowledge is clearly defined in terms of quantities, and well-established signs via pillars (arkān), conditions (ṣhurūṭ) and proper behaviours (ādāb), including the sunnah. For example, the five times daily prayer and fasting during the month of Ramaḍhān are clearly established. Further, part of it is compulsory and part of it is optional. For example, four units for the zuhr prayer are compulsory whilst the others are sunnah or optional. Essentially this type of knowledge makes tangible, physical, or visible the first type of knowledge above; its clothes it.
4. What is Qiyās (analogical reasoning) and why it cannot be used for a Beneficial Purpose or Harm.

What is Qiyās (analogical reasoning) in Islamic law?

What is the difference between a beneficial purpose (or ḥikmah, or wisdom) and the effective cause (‘illah).
5. The Way the Muslim Community Received Divine knowledge from the Prophet ﷺ: The First Way.

Divine law was communicated to us in two ways: overtly and through indication.

In this lecture, we begin to look at how it reached us today overtly (zāhir). This can happen either by way of being a mass transmission (mutawātir) or non-mutawātir.
6. The Way the Muslim Community Received Divine knowledge from the Prophet ﷺ: The Second Way.

Divine law was communicated to us in two ways: overtly and through indication.

In this lecture, we look at the second way (dalālah). This is through the Companions who observed the Prophet ﷺ speaking or acting, and from this they derived rulings accordingly, there are levels to this knowledge.
7. The Ranks of the Books of Hadīth According to Shah Walī Allah: The Muwaṭṭa of Imām Mālik
8. The Ṣaḥīḥ of al-Bukhārī and the Ṣaḥīḥ of Muslim and the reason for the Mustadrak of Ḥākim.

Continuing our lectures on the ranks of books of Hadīth according to Shah Walī Allah, we looked at the Ṣaḥīḥ of al-Bukhārī and the Ṣaḥīḥ of Muslim alongside a lengthier discussion on the Mustadrak of Ḥākim.

By the end of the fourth/tenth centuries the Ṣaḥīḥayn reached a status of being accepted for their authenticity.
1. All the narrations in both of these books are agreed upon as having uninterrupted chains going back to the Prophet ﷺ without any doubt.
2.They both reach their compilers in multiply-transmitted connected chains.
3. Whosoever belittles them is an innovator and does not follow the path of the believers.
9. Remaining Ranks of the Books of Hadīth According to Shah Walī Allah.

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2. Prophetic Modes of Nurturing Children: Parental Responsibility and Accountability
1. Prophetic Modes of Nurturing Children: Introduction

In this series, we will be going through a text that teaches us the pedagogy we should adopt when bringing up our children in light of the Prophetic teachings.
3. Prophetic Modes of Nurturing Children: Real wealth for a man is a pious wife

Islam is a faith that focuses on the warmth and friendliness of the home. The key figure in this role is the mother. A pious mother cultivates a pious family. With this warmth and loving attention, the home becomes a fortress where nothing unwanted enters and nothing valuable escapes it. Hence, a husband having found a pious wife will be assured that alongside feeding the children food, their spiritual nourishment will also take place.
4. Prophetic Modes of Nurturing Children: Spend but Spend Well on Your Family

Spending on the family carries great rewards so long as it is not wasted and one spends according to what they are able to.

“The dinar you spend in Allah’s path, or to set free a slave, or as a sadaqah given to a needy, or to support your family, the one yielding the greatest reward is that which you spent on your family.” (Muslim).
5. Prophetic Modes of Nurturing Children: Parents Responsibility to their Children

Related posts:

1. Transcendent God, Rational World - A Maturidi Theology

2. A Maturidi Theology: Tradition and Reason in Maturidi Epistemology

3. A Maturidi Theology: Genealogy of Maturidi's Theology

4. A Maturidi Theology: The Maturidi Tradition after al-Maturidi

1. How Divine Revelation Began

2. Divinely sent Prophets

3. Types of Revelation

4. The Modality of Revelation

5.1 The First Revelation

5.2. The First Revelation

5.4. Khadijah and the five qualities of the Prophet

Moments of Sorrow in the Life of the Prophet ﷺ

The Prophet Wept for Us!

Hadith on Mercy: Angel offers to destroy a town; the Prophet displays mercy

The Prophet's ﷺ grief after the miraculous night journey

Massacre of Bir Ma'una

1. The Virtues of Sha'baan: The Door to Ramadhan

2. 15th of Shabaan

Fasting the Six Days of Shawwal

1. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Book of Purification

2. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Sunnah and Mustahab of Wudhu

3. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Nullifiers of Wudhu

4. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Obligatory acts of Ghusl

1. Introduction: Ramadhan with the Quran

2. Ramadhan with the Quran: The First Section or Juz including the Chapter on Fatihah and Baqarah

3. Ramadhan with the Quran: Second Section or Juz: Surah Baqarah - Chapter of the Cow

4. Ramadhan with the Quran: Third Section or Juz: Chapter of the Cow and the Family of Imran.

5. Ramadhan with the Quran: Fourth Section or Juz: The Family of Imran and the Chapter on The Women

7. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Sixth Section or Juz

8. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Seventh Section or Juz

9. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Eighth Section or Juz

10. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Ninth Section or Juz

11. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Tenth Section or Juz

12. Ramadhan with the Quran: The Eleventh Section or Juz

13. Ramadhan with the Quran:Twelfth Section/Juz: Part of Yusuf’s beauty is to benefit society

14. Ramadhan with the Quran:Thirteenth Section/Juz:

15. Ramadhan with the Quran:Fourteenth Section/Juz

17. Ramadhan with the Quran: Sixteenth/Juz

19. Ramadhan with the Quran: Eighteenth Section/Juz

18. Ramadhan with the Quran: Seventeenth/Juz

20. Ramadhan with the Quran: Nineteenth Section/Juz

21. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twentieth Section/Juz

22. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-First Section/Juz

24. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Third Section/Juz

25. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Fourth Section/Juz

26. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Fifth Section/Juz

27. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Sixth Section/Juz

28. Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Seventh Section/Juz

Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Eighth Section/Juz

Ramadhan with the Quran: Twenty-Ninth Section/Juz

Ramadhan with the Quran: Thirtieth Section/Juz

The Wisdom of Fasting

Virtues of Fasting

1. The Virtues of Sha'baan: The Door to Ramadhan

2. 15th of Shabaan

1.1 Introduction to Hanafi Legal Theory

1.2 Introduction to Hanafi Legal Theory

1.3 Introduction to Hanafi Legal Theory - Author of the Text

1.4 Introduction to Hanafi Legal Theory - The Text of Usul as-Sashi

1. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Book of Purification

2. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Sunnah and Mustahab of Wudhu

3. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Nullifiers of Wudhu

4. Introduction to Hanafi Islamic Law: Obligatory acts of Ghusl

1. The Month of Rajab - Time Has Returned

2. Virtues of the Month of Rajab

1. Revelation is Reasonable

2. Modes of Revelation

3. Chronology of Revelation

4. Meccan and Medinan Verses

5. Why was the Quran revealed gradually?

6. Cause of Revelation

7. Preservation of the Quran During the Prophetic Era

8. Compilation of the Quran under Abu Bakr and its spread under Umar

9. Uthman's RA Mushaf

10. Sources of Quranic Tafsir

11. Israelite Reports

2. With the Quran: The Opening (al-Fatihah) Verse Three

12. With the Quran: The Praise (al-Ḥamd)

13. With the Quran: The Praise (al-Ḥamd) - Continued